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Increases of ≥20% in anandamide, 2-AG, 1-AG, and total AG levels after meditation from the baseline had weak correlations with changes in happiness and well-being. All major eCBs including anandamide, 2-AG, 1-AG, DEA, and BDNF increased after meditation by > 70% ( ).
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All improvements were sustained 1 month after BSP. Depression and anxiety scores decreased while focus, happiness, and positive well-being scores increased immediately after retreat from their baseline values ( ).
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Primary outcomes were changes in psychological scales, as well as changes in eCBs and BDNF. The biomarkers anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 1-arachidonoylglycerol (1-AG), docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), oleoylethanolamide (OLA), and BDNF were evaluated. Voluntary blood sampling for biomarker studies was done before and within a day after the retreat. Participants completed online surveys (before and after retreat, and 1 month later) to assess anxiety, depression, focus, well-being, and happiness through validated psychological scales. This was an observational pilot study of adults before and after the 4-day Isha Yoga Bhava Spandana Program retreat. Our aim was to assess biomarkers (eCBs and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ) and psychological parameters after a meditation retreat. Endocannabinoids (eCBs), lipid mediators associated with enhanced mood and reduced anxiety/depression, have not been previously studied as biomarkers of meditation effects. Meditation can decrease perceived stress and increase general well-being, although the physiological mechanism is not well-characterized. Anxiety and depression are common in the modern world, and there is growing demand for alternative therapies such as meditation. 10th St., HITS 3000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAġ1 Center for Anesthesia Research Excellence, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 375 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA Show moreīackground. Jackson St., CCB-C07, Louisville, KY 40202, USAĩ Department of Labor Studies and Employment Relations, School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, 50 Labor Center Way, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USAġ0 Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. Michigan St., Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAĤ Independent Researcher, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USAĥ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAĦ Department of Palliative, Rehabilitative and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1465, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USAħ Department of Physics, Seattle University, 901 12 th Ave., Seattle, WA 98122, USAĨ Department of Radiology, University of Louisville Hospital, 530 S. 1 Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 West Michigan St., Fesler Hall 204, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAĢ University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USAģ Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W.